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United States of America (USA)
In North America, medical residency programs are offered primarily in the United States and Canada, with structured accreditation systems and centralized application processes.
Application system: ERAS (Electronic Residency Application Service) → then matched through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), also known as “The Match.”
Accreditation: All residency programs are accredited by the ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education).
Settings:
University hospitals (e.g., Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, Mayo Clinic)
Academic medical centers
Community hospitals affiliated with universities
Some military hospitals (through the U.S. military match)
Examples of well-known U.S. residency programs:
Massachusetts General Hospital (Harvard)
Mayo Clinic (Minnesota, Arizona, Florida)
Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore)
Cleveland Clinic (Ohio)
UCSF Medical Center (California)
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Canada
Application system: CaRMS (Canadian Resident Matching Service).
Accreditation: Programs are accredited by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (specialties) and the College of Family Physicians of Canada (family medicine).
Settings:
Major academic health centers (e.g., University of Toronto, McGill, UBC, McMaster)
Teaching hospitals affiliated with medical schools
Examples of major residency sites in Canada:
University Health Network (Toronto)
Vancouver General Hospital (UBC)
McGill University Health Centre (Montreal)
Foothills Medical Centre (Calgary)
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Antigua and Barbuda
In Antigua and Barbuda, there are no standalone medical residency programs directly operated within the country. Instead, medical students complete their training at locally based medical schools, after which they pursue residency placements abroad—mainly in the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom.
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